Deep structure of the earth; composition and internal structure and heat flow.Minerals and rocks. Physical and chemical characteristics of minerals and rocks; main formation processes, rock cycle.Igneous rocks. Classification of intrusive and effusive rocks. Pyroclastic rocks. Notes on the classification of the main metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks. Degradation of rocks, processes and mechanisms of transport and deposition. Composition, textures and sedimentary structures. Diagenesis and lithification. Classification criteria for sedimentary rocks.Plate tectonics. Continental margins, expansion of the ocean floor and magnetic anomalies; orogenesis, main mountain ranges and cratons.Deformation of the rocks, brittle and ductile behavior of the lithosphere. Fractures and faults, kinematic models, folds and foliations.Introduction to the principles of stratigraphy. Main stratigraphic units.Volcanism. Origin of volcanoes and their distribution, types of eruptions and lava products, volcanic activity in Italy. Pyroclastic rocks.Seismicity. Seismic waves, earthquakes, hypocenter and epicenter. Magnitude and intensity. Seismicity and its diffusion on the national territory.Topographic maps and realization of topographic profiles. Geological maps: Direction, immersion and deep angle of a succession of lithological units and methods to determine the angular values from the cartographic analysis. Trend and shape of outcrops in relation to topography.
ITALIAN VERSION
