The cellular theory and the molecular bases of life. The structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Common reactions of biological systems. The water and the hydrogen bonding.
The proteins: structure and properties of standard aminoacids. The four levels of protein organization. The protein functions: interaction with ligands, the allosteric proteins. The enzymes: the Michaelis - Menten kinetics, the allosteric enzymes.
Experimental methods for the study of proteins: isolation, of endo- and exo- cellular proteins. Purification by chromatography. Gel electrophoresis.
The carbohydrates: structure and function of mono - oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The glycoconjugates.
The lipids and the cellular membranes. Integral and peripheral proteins. Solute's transport across membranes; types of transporters.
The metabolism: thermodynamics and bioenergetics. Hydrolysis of the phosphorylated compounds. The redox processes in the biological systems and the electrons' carrier molecules.
The Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: the chemical reactions, the enzymes regulation and the energy balance; alcoholic and lactic fermentation. The pentose phosphate pathway.
Glycogen metabolism: biosynthesis and degradation; regulation and hormone control of biosynthesis and degradation of glycogen.
The Krebs cycle: the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; the chemical reactions, the enzymes regulation and the energy balance.
The lipids metabolism: beta-oxidation of fatty acids; the chemical reactions, the enzymes regulation and the energy balance. Biosynthesis of fatty acids: Fatty acid synthase (FAS).
The aminoacids metabolism. The urea cycle.
The electron transport chain and the oxidative phosphorylation. The chemiosmotic model and the synthesis of ATP.
The protein synthesis and the genetic code.
ITALIAN VERSION
