Introduction.
The Climate System (Composition and Physical Properties
of the Ocean and Atmosphere, solar radiation, the greenhouse effect, timescales and feedbacks).
Ocean, atmosphere and cryosphere: surface energy balance of the ocean, gas exchange, bio-geochemical cycles. sea ice, land ice).
Ocean convection and deep-bottom water formation (buoyancy, stability, deep convection, NADW, entrainment, shelf and under-ice processes, AABW).
Global Ocean circulation: Meridional Overturning Circulation (overturning circulation maintained by mixing and wind), Wind-driven Circulation (the great gyres, Ekman and wind-induced geostrophic flows) role of the Southern Ocean.
Ocean’s role in climate: ocean heat transport (mechanisms and effects).
Ocean and climate variability from weakly to decadal time scales (Weekly variability and the weather, NAO, SAM, NPO/PDO, ENSO).
Paleoclimatic Ocean Circulation (oceanic role in the geological evolution of climate).
Ocean and climate change (global warming, changes in salinity, freshwater, ocean circulation and Cryosphere, sea level rise)
Visualization, analysis, and interpretation of oceanographic (in-situ observations) and climate data (reanalysis data climate indices time series) with Ocean Data View e matlab.